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Activated Charcoal

Grade

Gastrointestinal Decontamination

Therapeutics

Therapeutics

Evidence

Evidence Base

  1. Bates, M.C., Roady, P., Lehner, A.F., Buchweitz, J.P., Heggem-Perry, B., Lezmi, S., 2015. Atypical bromethalin intoxication in a dog: pathologic features and identification of an isomeric breakdown product. BMC Vet Res 11, 244. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0554-y

  2. Burkhart, K.K., Wuerz, R.C., Donovan, J.W., 1992. Whole-bowel irrigation as adjunctive treatment for sustained-release theophylline overdose. Ann Emerg Med 21, 1316–1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81894-3

  3. Burkitt, J.M., Haskins, S.C., Aldrich, J., Jandrey, K.E., Rezende, M.L., Boyle, J.E., 2005. Effects of Oral Administration of a Commercial Activated Charcoal Suspension on Serum Osmolality and Lactate Concentration in the Dog. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 19, 683–686. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02746.x

  4. Chin, L., Picchioni, A.L., Duplisse, B.R., 1970. The action of activated charcoal on poisons in the digestive tract. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 16, 786–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(70)90085-2

  5. Combs, B., Toltzis, P., 2021. 50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Effectiveness of Activated Charcoal in the Poisoned Dog. The Journal of Pediatrics 233, 162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.02.050

  6. Cope, R.B., 2004. A screening study of xylitol binding in vitro to activated charcoal. Vet Hum Toxicol 46, 336–337.

  7. DeClementi, C., Sobczak, B.R., 2012. Common Rodenticide Toxicoses in Small Animals. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, Common Toxicologic Issues in Small Animals 42, 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.12.008

  8. Farrell, K.S., Burkitt-Creedon, J.M., Osborne, L.G., Gibson, E.A., Massie, A.M., 2020. Gastrointestinal obstruction secondary to activated charcoal granule impaction in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 30, 461–466. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12980

  9. Fiser, R.H., Maetz, H.M., Treuting, J.J., Decker, W.J., 1971. Activated charcoal in barbiturate and glutethimide poisoning of the dog. The Journal of Pediatrics 78, 1045–1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(71)80441-9

  10. Hansen, S.R., Timmons, S.P., Dorman, D.C., 1992. Acute overdose of levothyroxine in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 200, 1512–1514.

  11. Lee, J.A., 2013. Emergency Management and Treatment of the Poisoned Small Animal Patient. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, Emergency Medicine 43, 757–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.03.010

  12. Mix, K.A., Stafford, J., Hofmeister, E., 2019. Effect of single dose administration activated charcoal containing sorbitol on serum sodium concentration and hydration status in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 29, 616–621. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12887

  13. Peterson, M.E., 2013. Bromethalin. Top Companion Anim Med 28, 21–23. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2013.03.005

  14. Position statement and practice guidelines on the use of multi-dose activated charcoal in the treatment of acute poisoning. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists, 1999. . J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 37, 731–751. https://doi.org/10.1081/clt-100102451

  15. Raekallio, M.R., Honkavaara, J.M., Säkkinen, M.S., Peltoniemi, S.M., 2007. Effects of urine alkalization and activated charcoal on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered carprofen in dogs. Am J Vet Res 68, 423–427. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.4.423

  16. Reinker, L.N., Lee, J.A., Hovda, L.R., Rishniw, M., 2012. Clinical signs of cardiovascular effects secondary to suspected pimobendan toxicosis in five dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 48, 250–255. https://doi.org/10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5775

  17. Richardson, J.A., 2000. Accidental ingestion of acyclovir in dogs: 105 reports. Vet Hum Toxicol 42, 370–371.

  18. Rosendale, M.E., 2002. Decontamination strategies. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 32, 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-5616(01)00007-9

  19. Scotti, K.M., Levy, N.A., Thomas, A., Pfeifer, J., Garcia, N., Koenigshof, A., 2021. Retrospective evaluation of the effects and outcome of bromethalin ingestion: 192 Dogs (2010-2016). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 31, 94–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13026

  20. See, A.M., McGill, S.E., Raisis, A.L., Swindells, K.L., 2009. Toxicity in three dogs from accidental oral administration of a topical endectocide containing moxidectin and imidacloprid. Aust Vet J 87, 334–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00448.x

  21. Staley, E.C., Staley, E.E., 1994. Loperamide intoxication in a seven-week-old pup. Vet Hum Toxicol 36, 451.

  22. Toxicology, A.A. of C., Centres, E.A. of P., Toxicologists, C., 2005. Position Paper: Single-Dose Activated Charcoal. LCLT 43, 61–87. https://doi.org/10.1081/CLT-200051867

  23. Wismer, T.A., 2002. Accidental ingestion of alprazolam in 415 dogs. Vet Hum Toxicol 44, 22–23.

Monograph Details

Monograph Details

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