Activated Charcoal
Gastrointestinal Decontamination
Therapeutics
Evidence Base
Bates, M.C., Roady, P., Lehner, A.F., Buchweitz, J.P., Heggem-Perry, B., Lezmi, S., 2015. Atypical bromethalin intoxication in a dog: pathologic features and identification of an isomeric breakdown product. BMC Vet Res 11, 244. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0554-y
Burkhart, K.K., Wuerz, R.C., Donovan, J.W., 1992. Whole-bowel irrigation as adjunctive treatment for sustained-release theophylline overdose. Ann Emerg Med 21, 1316–1320. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81894-3
Burkitt, J.M., Haskins, S.C., Aldrich, J., Jandrey, K.E., Rezende, M.L., Boyle, J.E., 2005. Effects of Oral Administration of a Commercial Activated Charcoal Suspension on Serum Osmolality and Lactate Concentration in the Dog. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 19, 683–686. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02746.x
Chin, L., Picchioni, A.L., Duplisse, B.R., 1970. The action of activated charcoal on poisons in the digestive tract. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 16, 786–799. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008X(70)90085-2
Combs, B., Toltzis, P., 2021. 50 Years Ago in The Journal of Pediatrics: Effectiveness of Activated Charcoal in the Poisoned Dog. The Journal of Pediatrics 233, 162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.02.050
Cope, R.B., 2004. A screening study of xylitol binding in vitro to activated charcoal. Vet Hum Toxicol 46, 336–337.
DeClementi, C., Sobczak, B.R., 2012. Common Rodenticide Toxicoses in Small Animals. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, Common Toxicologic Issues in Small Animals 42, 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.12.008
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Hansen, S.R., Timmons, S.P., Dorman, D.C., 1992. Acute overdose of levothyroxine in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 200, 1512–1514.
Lee, J.A., 2013. Emergency Management and Treatment of the Poisoned Small Animal Patient. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, Emergency Medicine 43, 757–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.03.010
Mix, K.A., Stafford, J., Hofmeister, E., 2019. Effect of single dose administration activated charcoal containing sorbitol on serum sodium concentration and hydration status in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 29, 616–621. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.12887
Peterson, M.E., 2013. Bromethalin. Top Companion Anim Med 28, 21–23. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2013.03.005
Position statement and practice guidelines on the use of multi-dose activated charcoal in the treatment of acute poisoning. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists, 1999. . J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 37, 731–751. https://doi.org/10.1081/clt-100102451
Raekallio, M.R., Honkavaara, J.M., Säkkinen, M.S., Peltoniemi, S.M., 2007. Effects of urine alkalization and activated charcoal on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered carprofen in dogs. Am J Vet Res 68, 423–427. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.4.423
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Richardson, J.A., 2000. Accidental ingestion of acyclovir in dogs: 105 reports. Vet Hum Toxicol 42, 370–371.
Rosendale, M.E., 2002. Decontamination strategies. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 32, 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-5616(01)00007-9
Scotti, K.M., Levy, N.A., Thomas, A., Pfeifer, J., Garcia, N., Koenigshof, A., 2021. Retrospective evaluation of the effects and outcome of bromethalin ingestion: 192 Dogs (2010-2016). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 31, 94–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/vec.13026
See, A.M., McGill, S.E., Raisis, A.L., Swindells, K.L., 2009. Toxicity in three dogs from accidental oral administration of a topical endectocide containing moxidectin and imidacloprid. Aust Vet J 87, 334–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00448.x
Staley, E.C., Staley, E.E., 1994. Loperamide intoxication in a seven-week-old pup. Vet Hum Toxicol 36, 451.
Toxicology, A.A. of C., Centres, E.A. of P., Toxicologists, C., 2005. Position Paper: Single-Dose Activated Charcoal. LCLT 43, 61–87. https://doi.org/10.1081/CLT-200051867
Wismer, T.A., 2002. Accidental ingestion of alprazolam in 415 dogs. Vet Hum Toxicol 44, 22–23.