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Taurine

Grade

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Therapeutics

Evidence

  1. Adin, D., DeFrancesco, T.C., Keene, B., Tou, S., Meurs, K., Atkins, C., Aona, B., Kurtz, K., Barron, L., Saker, K., 2019. Echocardiographic phenotype of canine dilated cardiomyopathy differs based on diet type. J Vet Cardiol 21, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2018.11.002

  2. Adin, D., Freeman, L., Stepien, R., Rush, J.E., Tjostheim, S., Kellihan, H., Aherne, M., Vereb, M., Goldberg, R., 2021. Effect of type of diet on blood and plasma taurine concentrations, cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiograms in 4 dog breeds. J Vet Intern Med 35, 771–779. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16075

  3. Alroy, J., Rush, J.E., Freeman, L., Amarendhra Kumar, M.S., Karuri, A., Chase, K., Sarkar, S., 2000. Inherited infantile dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs: genetic, clinical, biochemical, and morphologic findings. Am J Med Genet 95, 57–66.

  4. Backus, R.C., Ko, K.S., Fascetti, A.J., Kittleson, M.D., Macdonald, K.A., Maggs, D.J., Berg, J.R., Rogers, Q.R., 2006. Low plasma taurine concentration in Newfoundland dogs is associated with low plasma methionine and cyst(e)ine concentrations and low taurine synthesis. J Nutr 136, 2525–2533. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.10.2525

  5. Bagardi, M., Ghilardi, S., Castellazzi, I., Fusi, E., Polli, M., Minozzi, G., Faverzani, S., Mirabelli, C., Brambilla, P.G., 2022. Preliminary Data on Echocardiographic Evaluation and Serum Taurine Concentration in Healthy Dogs of Two Breeds (10 Golden Retrievers and 12 German Shorthaired Pointers) with Different Predispositions to Nutritional Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 12, 2924. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212924

  6. Basili, M., Pedro, B., Hodgkiss-Geere, H., Navarro-Cubas, X., Graef, N., Dukes-McEwan, J., 2021. Low plasma taurine levels in English cocker spaniels diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. Journal of Small Animal Practice 62, 570–579. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13306

  7. Bélanger, M.C., Ouellet, M., Queney, G., Moreau, M., 2005. Taurine-deficient dilated cardiomyopathy in a family of golden retrievers. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 41, 284–291. https://doi.org/10.5326/0410284

  8. Delaney, S.J., Kass, P.H., Rogers, Q.R., Fascetti, A.J., 2003. Plasma and whole blood taurine in normal dogs of varying size fed commercially prepared food. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 87, 236–244. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2003.00433.x

  9. Donadelli, R.A., Pezzali, J.G., Oba, P.M., Swanson, K.S., Coon, C., Varney, J., Pendlebury, C., Shoveller, A.K., 2020. A commercial grain-free diet does not decrease plasma amino acids and taurine status but increases bile acid excretion when fed to Labrador Retrievers. Transl Anim Sci 4, txaa141. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txaa141

  10. Fascetti, A.J., Reed, J.R., Rogers, Q.R., Backus, R.C., 2003. Taurine deficiency in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy: 12 cases (1997-2001). J Am Vet Med Assoc 223, 1137–1141. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2003.223.1137

  11. Freeman, L., Rush, J., Adin, D., Weeks, K., Antoon, K., Brethel, S., Cunningham, S., Santos, L.D., Girens, R., Goldberg, R., Karlin, E., Lessard, D., Lopez, K., Rouben, C., Vereb, M., Yang, V., 2022. Prospective study of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs eating nontraditional or traditional diets and in dogs with subclinical cardiac abnormalities. J Vet Intern Med 36, 451–463. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16397

  12. Freeman, L.M., Rush, J.E., 2007. Nutrition and cardiomyopathy: lessons from spontaneous animal models. Curr Heart Fail Rep 4, 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-007-0005-6

  13. Freeman, L.M., Rush, J.E., Brown, D.J., Roudebush, P., 2001. Relationship between circulating and dietary taurine concentrations in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Vet Ther 2, 370–378.

  14. Kaplan, J.L., Stern, J.A., Fascetti, A.J., Larsen, J.A., Skolnik, H., Peddle, G.D., Kienle, R.D., Waxman, A., Cocchiaro, M., Gunther-Harrington, C.T., Klose, T., LaFauci, K., Lefbom, B., Lamy, M.M., Malakoff, R., Nishimura, S., Oldach, M., Rosenthal, S., Stauthammer, C., O’Sullivan, L., Visser, L.C., William, R., Ontiveros, E., 2018. Taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers fed commercial diets. PLOS ONE 13, e0209112. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209112

  15. Kramer, G.A., Kittleson, M.D., Fox, P.R., Lewis, J., Pion, P.D., 1995. Plasma taurine concentrations in normal dogs and in dogs with heart disease. J Vet Intern Med 9, 253–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1995.tb01076.x

  16. Kriström, K., Häggström, J., Tidholm, A., Yu, J.Z., Fascetti, A.J., Ljungvall, I., 2023. Impact of blood tube additives and timing of sampling on blood taurine concentrations in clinically healthy dogs. J Vet Cardiol 45, 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2022.12.003

  17. Mansilla, W.D., Marinangeli, C.P.F., Ekenstedt, K.J., Larsen, J.A., Aldrich, G., Columbus, D.A., Weber, L., Abood, S.K., Shoveller, A.K., 2019. Special topic: The association between pulse ingredients and canine dilated cardiomyopathy: addressing the knowledge gaps before establishing causation. J Anim Sci 97, 983–997. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/sky488

  18. McCauley, S.R., Clark, S.D., Quest, B.W., Streeter, R.M., Oxford, E.M., 2020. Review of canine dilated cardiomyopathy in the wake of diet-associated concerns. J Anim Sci 98, skaa155. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa155

  19. Ontiveros, E.S., Whelchel, B.D., Yu, J., Kaplan, J.L., Sharpe, A.N., Fousse, S.L., Crofton, A.E., Fascetti, A.J., Stern, J.A., 2020. Development of plasma and whole blood taurine reference ranges and identification of dietary features associated with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers: A prospective, observational study. PLoS One 15, e0233206. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233206

  20. Quilliam, C., Ren, Y., Morris, T., Ai, Y., Weber, L.P., 2021. The Effects of 7 Days of Feeding Pulse-Based Diets on Digestibility, Glycemic Response and Taurine Levels in Domestic Dogs. Front Vet Sci 8, 654223. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.654223

  21. Reilly, L.M., He, F., Clark, L., de Godoy, M.R.C., 2021. Longitudinal assessment of taurine and amino acid concentrations in dogs fed a green lentil diet. J Anim Sci 99, skab315. https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab315

  22. Saito, T., Suzuki, R., Yuchi, Y., Yasumura, Y., Teshima, T., Matsumoto, H., Koyama, H., 2022. A Case of a Small-Breed Dog with Diet-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy Showing Marked Improvements in Cardiac Morphology and Function after Dietary Modification. Vet Sci 9, 593. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9110593

  23. Sanderson, S.L., 2006. Taurine and carnitine in canine cardiomyopathy. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 36, 1325–1343, vii–viii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.08.010

  24. Sanderson, S.L., Gross, K.L., Ogburn, P.N., Calvert, C., Jacobs, G., Lowry, S.R., Bird, K.A., Koehler, L.A., Swanson, L.L., 2001. Effects of dietary fat and L-carnitine on plasma and whole blood taurine concentrations and cardiac function in healthy dogs fed protein-restricted diets. Am J Vet Res 62, 1616–1623. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1616

  25. Tenaglia, A., Cody, R., 1988. Evidence for a taurine-deficiency cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 62, 136–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(88)91379-3

  26. Tôrres, C.L., Backus, R.C., Fascetti, A.J., Rogers, Q.R., 2003. Taurine status in normal dogs fed a commercial diet associated with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 87, 359–372. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2003.00446.x

  27. Tôrres, C.L., Biourge, V.C., Backus, R.C., 2022. Plasma and Whole Blood Taurine Concentrations in Dogs May Not Be Sensitive Indicators of Taurine Deficiency When Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Content Is Reduced. Front Vet Sci 9, 873460. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.873460

  28. Vail, J., 2006. Taurine for the Treatment of Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Veterinarian’s Personal Experience. Int J Pharm Compd 10, 421–424.

  29. Vollmar, A.C., Fox, P.R., Servet, E., Biourge, V., 2013. Determination of the prevalence of whole blood taurine in Irish wolfhound dogs with and without echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology 15, 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvc.2013.03.005

Monograph Details

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